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2022　Hadron Physics

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Academic unit or major
Graduate major in Physics
Instructor(s)
Jido Daisuke 
Class Format
Lecture    (Livestream)
Media-enhanced courses
Day/Period(Room No.)
Mon3-4()  Thr3-4()  
Group
-
Course number
PHY.F430
Credits
2
Academic year
2022
Offered quarter
1Q
Syllabus updated
2022/3/16
Lecture notes updated
-
Language used
English
Access Index

Course description and aims

The minimum elements of matter which can be observed are hadrons and leptons. Hadrons are particles interacting with strong forces, such as proton and pion, and are composed of quarks and gluons. Owing to the color confinement phenomenon, quarks and gluons are confined in the hadrons and are never observed directly. Most of the visible mass in our universe is due to the hadron mass. In the lecture, properties of hadrons are explained in both theoretical and experimental points of view. In the descriptions of the hadron structure and dynamics, symmetries play important roles. Basics of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), which is the fundamental theory of the dynamics of quarks and gluons, are also explained. The nature of the coupling constant of the strong interaction, that is called as asymptotic freedom, is the outstanding feature of QCD, and the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry is responsible for the mass generation of quarks. Effective models based on chiral symmetry for hadron physics are also introduced.

The purpose of the course is to let the students understand hadrons which constitute the present universe, and to understand quarks, gluons, and QCD which is the theory of strong interaction. Another purpose is to let the students know theoretical tools to study hadron physics.

Student learning outcomes

[Objectives] Students will understand the basics of hadron physics by taking this course. Students will understand the features of strong interaction, the description of hadrons based on quarks, and features of quantum chromodynamics.

[Topics] Strong interaction, symmetries in hadron physics, properties of hadron, quark model, quark flavors, quark generations, color charge, gluons, asymptotic freedom, elastic scattering and deep inelastic scattering, chiral effective theories, chiral symmetry, current algebra, hadron mass generation, etc.

Keywords

strong interaction, quark model, flavor symmetry, chiral symmetry, baryons, mesons, color charge, gluons, quantum chromodynamics, asymptotic freedom, origin of mass, dynamical breaking of chiral symmetry, chiral effective theories.

Competencies that will be developed

✔ Specialist skills Intercultural skills Communication skills Critical thinking skills ✔ Practical and/or problem-solving skills

Class flow

The lecture is given using slides with prints summarizing each topic.
Practical problems are given and students are required to solve them.

Course schedule/Required learning

  Course schedule Required learning
Class 1 Hadrons and strong interaction Explain what hadrons are.
Class 2 Relativistic quantum mechanics To be able to describe spin 1/2 fermion in relativistic form
Class 3 Symmetries in hadron physics Explain the breaking patterns of symmetries in hadron physics.
Class 4 Flavors of quarks, classification of baryons and mesons Explain the compositions of baryons and mesons based on flavor symmetry.
Class 5 Quark model Construct the proton wavefunction based on the quark model.
Class 6 Structure of nucleon: form factor To be able to explain elastic scattering based on non-relativistic and relativistic theory, and the form factors.
Class 7 Structure of nucleon: structure function To be able to explain the meaning of Bjorken scaling.
Class 8 Basics of Quantum Chromodynamics To be able to understand the meaning of asymptotic freedom.
Class 9 Symmetry and conservation law Drive the Noether current from a Lagangian.
Class 10 Current algebra and PCAC Explain what PCAC is.
Class 11 Chiral Symmetry Derive the Gell-Mann Oakes Renner relation.
Class 12 Linear sigma model Demonstrate the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in a hadron theory
Class 13 Fermion mass generation Explain the mechanism of quark mass generation.
Class 14 Nambu-Goldstone theorem in QCD Explain the basic ideas of chiral perturbation theory.

Out-of-Class Study Time (Preparation and Review)

To enhance effective learning, students are encouraged to spend approximately 100 minutes preparing for class and another 100 minutes reviewing class content afterwards (including assignments) for each class.
They should do so by referring to textbooks and other course material.

Textbook(s)

not specified

Reference books, course materials, etc.

'Particles and Nuclei', B. Povh et al., Springer,
'Elementary Particle Physics, volume 1 and 2', Y. Nagashima, WILEY-VCH,
'Quarks, Baryons and Chiral Symmetry', A. Hosaka and H. Toki, World Scientific,
'Gauge Field Theories, an introduction with applications', Mike Guidry, WILEY-VCH

Assessment criteria and methods

Quizzes and problems given during the classes. The quizzes are given in the response sheet given in the end of each class. The problems are written in handouts distributed at each class.

Related courses

  • PHY.F350 ： Nuclear Physics
  • PHY.F437 ： Advanced Nuclear Physics
  • PHY.F351 ： Elementary Particles
  • PHY.F436 ： Advanced Particle Physics
  • PHY.Q331 ： Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

Prerequisites (i.e., required knowledge, skills, courses, etc.)

It is required that the students have enough knowledge on quantum physics.

Other

The lecture will be given in English.

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